Hundreds of thousands of people (and thousands of businesses) contribute to the Greater Boston area’s $571 billion economy. But have you ever wondered about the city's heaviest hitters?

Consider this Boston Business 101 — your guide to our region’s key industries and major employers.

The key industries

There are five key industries that represent ~62% of Boston's economy, based on the most recent 2021 data from the City of Boston. We’ve listed them in order of employment numbers.

Healthcare and Social Assistance | 152,936 employees
This one comes as no surprise, considering that Boston is home to top research and teaching hospitals — we're looking at you Boston Medical Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Brigham and Women's Hospital. There are also plenty of community-based centers keeping Bostonians healthy.

Mass General Brigham's headquarters are located at Assembly Row in Somerville, just outside of the city. | Photo by Hospitalupdate via Wikimedia Commons

Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services | 116,365 employees
Since this sector requires a high degree of expertise, this is where many graduates from Boston's higher education institutes wind up working. Think: Cambridge's strong biotech scene or the many tech startups around Boston.

Finance and Insurance | 102,050 employees
This industry saw significant job growth prior to the pandemic, as its companies tend to require commercial office space. Still, the finance and insurance space employs lots of Bostonians across companies like Fidelity Investments and State Street Corporation.

Government | 74,665 employees
That's a whole lot of folks working for our local government. These jobs range from Boston's City Council members and public health staff to archaeologists and school traffic crossing guards.

Educational Services | 66,981 employees
Considered an area of specialization for Boston, our city has an employment share three times the national average for education services. Area colleges include Boston University, Northeastern University, Boston College, and Tufts University — just to name a few.

The major players

Now that we’ve established the major industries, we bet you’re curious for specific names. Whether you’re job hunting (or just “casually prospecting”),here are five major local employers— all that employ more than 12,000 Massachusetts workers on average.

Mass General Brigham
81,416 local employees | Health care | Search jobs
Headquartered on Revolution Drive in Somerville, this health care system was founded by Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital (two of the leading academic medical centers in the country). It's by far the largest employer in the state, with an integrated system of academic medical centers, specialty hospitals, and home care services.

University of Massachusetts
25,850 local employees | Education | Search jobs
From UMass Boston in Dorchester to the university's Amherst, Lowell, and Dartmouth campuses, UMass has been rated the top public university in New England.

UMass Boston is one of 29 institutions within the Massachusetts System of Public Higher Education, which includes community colleges, state universities, and UMass campuses. | Photo by Bohao Zhao via Wikimedia Commons

TJX
19,018 local employees | Retail | Search jobs
Despite a small portions of TJX's employees residing in Massachusetts — only 5% — the company was the fifth largest employer in the state last summer. Companies that fall under the TJX umbrella include Marshalls, TJ Maxx, HomeGoods, and Sierra.

Stop & Shop
17,440 local employees | Retail | Search jobs
The supermarket company is based in Quincy and operates nearly 400 stores in the northeast. Roughly one-third of the company's overall employees are based in the Bay State.

Raytheon Technologies
12,000 local employees | Technology | Search jobs
The aerospace and defense company moved its headquarters to Arlington, VA in 2022. The Waltham office previously served as the company headquarters for 100 years.is there still a local office?

This information is derived from the most recent statewide data published by the Boston Business Journal and does not include government workers.